CH Prologue and Epilogue (Hammurāpi)

SEAL no. 7520

Copy / Photo
1–3. 32–37
Collection
Louvre, Paris
Studies
126–135
363–392. 750–753
71–81. 133–142
31–44. 135–147
39–44. 75–80
29–32. 57–60
163–165. 177–180
380–383. 407–410
Genre / Classification
Hymns and Prayers, Hammurāpi
Text
Prologue
 
col. i
1       ì-nu AN ṣi-ru-um
2       LUGAL dA-nun-na-ki
3       dEn-líl
4       be-el ša-me-e
5       ù er-ṣe-tim
6       ša-i-im
7       ši-ma-at KALAM
8       a-na dAMAR.UTU
9       DUMU re-eš-ti-im
10     ša dEN.KI
11     dEN.LÍL-ut
12     KIŠ ni-šì
13     i-ši-mu-šum
14     in I-gi4-gi4
15     ú-šar-bí-ù-šu
16     KÁ.DINGIR.RAki
17     šum-šu ṣi-ra-am ib-bi-ù
18     in ki-ib-ra-tim
19     ú-ša-te-ru-šu
20     i-na li-ib-bi-šu
21     šar-ru-tam da-rí-tam
22     ša ki-ma ša-me-e
23     ù er-ṣe-tim
24     iš-da-ša
25     šu-úr-šu-da
26     ú-ki-in-nu-šum
27     i-nu-mi-šu
28     Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí
29     ru-ba-am
30     na-ʾ-dam
31     pa-li-iḫ ì-lí ia-ti
32     mi-ša-ra-am
33     i-na ma-tim
34     a-na šu-pí-i-im
35     ra-ga-am ù ṣe-nam
36     a-na ḫu-ul-lu-qí-im
37     dan-nu-um
38     en-ša-am
39     a-na la ḫa-ba-li-im
40     ki-ma dUTU
41     a-na SAG.GI6
42     wa-ṣe-e-em-ma
43     ma-tim
44     nu-wu-ri-im
45     AN
46     ù dEn-líl
47     a-na ši-ir ni-ši
48     ṭú-ub-bi-im
49     šu-mi ib-bu-ú
50     Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí
51     re-iu-um­ ­­
52     ni-bi-it
53     dEn-líl a-na-ku
54     mu-kam-me-er
55     nu-úḫ-ši-im
56     ù ṭú-úḫ-di-im
57     mu-ša-ak-li-il
58     mi-im-ma šum-šu
59     a-na NIBRUkiDur-an-ki
60     za-ni-nu-um
61     na-ʾ-du-um
62     ša É-kur
63     LUGAL le-iu-um
64     mu-te-er uruERIDUki           
65     a-na aš-ri-šu
66     mu-ub-bi-ib
 
col. ii
1       šu-luḫ É-abzu
2       ti-i-ib
3       ki-ib-ra-at
4       er-bé-tim
5       mu-šar-bí zi-ik-ru
6       KÁ.DINGIR.RAki
7       mu-ṭì-ib
8       li-ib-bi dAMAR.UTU
9       be-lí-šu
10     ša UD-mi-šu
11     iz-za-zu
12     a-na É-sag-íl
13     NUMUN šar-ru-tim
14     ša dEN.ZU
15     ib-ni-ù-šu
16     mu-na-aḫ-ḫi-iš
17     uruŠEŠ.ABki
18     wa-aš-ru-um
19     mu-uš-te-mi-qum
20     ba-bíl ḪÉ.GÁL
21     a-na É-kiš-nu-gál
22     šàr ta-ši-im-tim
23     še-mu dUTU da-núm
24     mu-ki-in
25     SUḪUŠ UD.KIB.NUNki
26     mu-ša-al-bi-iš
27     wa-ar-qí-im
28     gi-gu-ne-e dA-a
29     mu-ṣi-ir
30     É É-babbar
31     ša ki šu-ba-at ša-ma-i
32     UR.SAG g[a]-mi-il
33     UD.UNUGki
34     mu-ud-di-iš É-babbar
35     a-na dUTU
36     re-ṣi-šu
37     be-lum mu-ba-lí-iṭ
38     UNUGki
39     ša-ki-in me-e
40     nu-úḫ-ši-im
41     a-na ni-ši-šu
42     mu-ul-li
43     re-eš É-an-na
44     mu-kam-me-er
45     ḫi-iṣ-bi-im
46     a-na AN-nim
47     ù dINANNA
48     AN.DÙL ma-tim
49     mu-pa-aḫ-ḫi-ir
50     ni-ši sa6-ap-ḫa-tim
51     ša Ì-si-inki
52     mu-ṭa-aḫ-ḫi-id
53     nu-úḫ-ši-im
54     É É-gal-maḫ
55     UŠUMGAL LUGAL-rí
56     ta-li-im
57     dZa-ba4-ba4
58     mu-šar-ši-id
59     šu-ba-at uruKiški
60     mu-uš-ta-ás-ḫi-ir
61     me-le-em-mi
62     É-me-te-ur-sag
63     mu-uš-te-eṣ-bi
64     pa-ar-ṣí ra-bu-ú-tim
65     ša dINANNA
66     pa-qí-id bi-tim
67     Ḫur-sag-kalam-ma
68     sa-par4na-ki-ri
69     ša Ìr-ra ru-šu
70     ú-ša-ak-ši-du
 
col. iii.
1       ni-iz-ma-sú
2       mu-ša-te-er
3       uruGÚ.DU8.Aki
4       mu-ra-ap-pí-iš
5       mi-im-ma šum-šu
6       a-na Mes-lam
7       ri-mu-um
8       ka-ad-ru-um
9       mu-na-ak-ki-ip za-i-ri
10     na-ra-am Tu-tu
11     mu-ri-iš
12     uruBar-sí-páki
13     na-aʾ-du-um
14     la mu-up-pa-ar-ku-ú-um
15     a-na É-zi-da
16     i-lu LUGAL-rí
17     mu-de IGI.GÁL-im
18     mu-ša-ad-di-il
19     me-re-eš-tim
20     ša Dil-badki
21     mu-ga-ar-ri-in GUR7.GUR7
22     a-na dUraš
23     ga-aš-ri-im
24     be-lum sí-ma-at
25     ḫa-aṭ-ṭi-im
26     ù a-ge-em
27     ša ú-ša-ak-li-lu-šu
28     e-ri-iš-tum
29     dMa-ma
30     mu-ki-in
31     ú-ṣú-ra-tim
32     ša Kèški
33     mu-de-eš-ši
34     ma-ka-li el-lu-tim
35     a-na dNin-tu
36     mu-uš-ta-lum
37     gi-it-ma-lum
38     ša-i-im
39     mi-ri-tim
40     ù ma-aš-qí-tim
41     a-na ŠIR.BUR.LAki
42     ù Gír-suki
43     mu-ki-il
44     ni-ni-da-bé-e
45     ra-bu-tim
46     a-na É-ninnu
47     mu-tam-me-eḫ a-a-bi
48     mi-gi4-ir
49     te-li-tim
50     mu-ša-ak-li-il
51     te-re-tim
52     ša Zabalamki
53     mu-ḫa-ad-di
54     li-ib-bi Iš8-tár
55     ru-bu-um el-lum
56     ša ni-iš qá-ti-šu
57     dIŠKUR i-du-ú
58     mu-ne-eḫ
59     li-ib-bi dIŠKUR
60     qú-ra-di-im
61     i-na uruIMki
62     mu-uš-ta-ak-ki-in
63     sí-ma-tim
64     i-na É-ud-gal-gal
65     LUGAL na-di-in
66     na-pí-iš-tim
67     a-na UD.NUNki
68     a-še-er
69     É É-maḫ
70     e-te-el LUGAL-rí
71     qá-ba-al
72     la ma-ḫa-ri-im
 
col. iv
1       šu i-qí-šu
2       na-ap-ša-tam
3       a-na uruMaš-kán-PA.ALki
4       mu-še-eš-qí
5       nu-úḫ-ši-im
6       a-na Mes-lam
7       em-qum
8       mu-tab-bi-lum
9       šu ik-šu-du
10     na-ga-ab úr-ši-im
11     mu-uš-pa-az-zi-ir
12     ni-ši MÀ.AL.GU7!(NAG).Aki
13     in ka-ra-ši-im
14     mu-šar-ši-du
15     šu-ba-ti-ši-in
16     in nu-úḫ-ši-im!(IN)
17     a-na dEN.KI
18     ù dDam-gal-nun-na
19     mu-šar-bu-ú
20     šar-ru-ti-šu
21     da-rí-iš i-ši-mu
22     zi-bi el-lu-tim
23     a-ša-re-ed LUGAL-rí
24     mu-ka-an-ni-iš
25     da-ad-mi
26     ídUD.KIB.NUN.NAki
27     ì-tum dDa-gan
28     ba-ni-šu
29     šu iG-mi-lu
30     ni-ši Me-raki
31     ù Tu-tu-ulki
32     ru-bu-um
33     na-ʾ-du-um
34     mu-na-wi-ir
35     pa-ni dINANNA
36     ša-ki-in ma-ka-li el-lu-tim
37     a-na dNin-a-zu
38     ša-ṭì-ip ni-ši-šu
39     in pu-uš-qí-im
40     mu-ki-in-nu
41     iš-di-ši-in
42     qer-bu-um
43     KÁ.DINGIR.RAki
44     šu-ul-ma-ni-iš
45     SIPA ni-šì
46     ša ep-še-tu-šu
47     e-li Iš8-tár ṭa-ba
48     mu-ki-in-ni Iš8-tár
49     i-na É-ul-maš
50     qer-bu-um
51     A-kà-dèki
52     re-bi-tim
53     mu-še-pí ki-na-tim
54     mu-šu-še-er am-mi
55     mu-te-er
56     dLAMMA-šu
57     da-mi-iq-tim
58     a-na uruA-šur4ki
59     mu-še-ep-pí na-bi-ḫi
60     LUGAL ša i-na Ni-nu-aki
61     i-na É-mes-mes
62     ú-šu-pí-ù
63     me-e dINANNA
64     na-ʾ-du-um
65     mu-uš-te-mi-qum
66     a-na DINGIR.GAL.GAL
67     li-ip-li-ip-pí
68     ša Su-mu-la-ìl
69     IBILA da-núm
70     ša dEN.ZU-mu-ba-lí-iṭ
 
col. v
1       NUMUN da-rí-um
2       ša šar-ru-tim
3       LUGAL da-núm
4       dUTU-šu
5       KÁ.DINGIR.RAki
6       mu-še-ṣí nu-ri-im
7       a-na ma-at
8       Šu-me-rí-im
9       ù Ak-ka-di-im
10     LUGAL mu-uš-te-eš-mi
11     ki-ib-ra-at
12     ar-ba-im
13     mi-gi4-ir dINANNA a-na-ku
14     i-nu-ma
15     dAMAR.UTU
16     a-na šu-te-šu-ur ni-ši
17     KALAM ú-si-⌈im
18     šu-ḫu-zi-im
19     ú-wa-e-ra-an-ni
20     ki-it-tam
21     ù mi-ša-ra-am
22     i-na KA ma-tim
23     aš-ku-un
24     ši-ir ni-ši ú-ṭi-ib
25     i-nu-mi-šu
 
Epilogue
 
col. xlvii
1       ki-na-a-at
2       mi-ša-ri-im
3       ša Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí
4       šar-ru-um le-ú-um
5       ú-ki-in-nu-ma
6       ma-tam ú-sa-am ki-n[a]m
7       ù ri-dam dam-qá-am
8       ú-ša-aṣ-bi-tu
9       Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí
10     šar-ru-um gi-it-ma-lum a-na-ku
11     a-na SAG.GI6
12     ša dEn-líl iš-ru-kam
13     re-ú-sí-na
14     dAMAR.UTU i-din-nam
15     ú-ul e-gu
16     a-ḫi ú-ul ad-di
17     aš-ri šu-ul-mi-im
18     eš-te-i-ši-na-ši[m]
19     pu-uš-qí wa-aš-ṭú-tim
20     ú-[p]e-et-ti
21     nu-ra-am ú-še-ṣí-ši-na-ši-im
22     i-na gišTUKUL da-an-nim
23     ša dZa-ba4-ba4
24     ù dINANNA
25     ú-ša-at-li-mu-nim
26     i-na IGI.GÁL
27     ša dEN.KI i-ši-ma-am
28     i-na le-ú-tim
29     ša dAMAR.UTU id-di-nam
30     na-ak-ri e-li-iš
31     ù ša-ap-li-iš as-sú-úḫ
32     qá-ab-la-tim ú-bé-el-li
33     ši-ir ma-tim
34     ú-ṭì-ib
35     ni-ši da-ad-mi
36     a-bu-úr-ri
37     ú-šar-bí-iṣ
38     mu-gal-li-tam
39     ú-ul ú-šar-ši-ši-na-ti
40     DINGIR.GAL.GAL
41     ib-bu-ú-nin-ni-ma
42     a-na-ku-ma
43     SIPA mu-ša-al-li-mu-um
44     ša gišGIDRU-šu
45     i-ša-ra-at
46     ṣi-lí ṭa-bu-um
47     a-na URU-ia
48     ta-ri-iṣ
49     i-na ut-li-ia
50     ni-ši KALAM Šu-me-rí-im
51     ù Ak-ka-di-im
52     ú-ki-il
53     i-na la-ma-sí-ia
54     iḫ-ḫi-ša
55     i-na šu-ul-mi-im
56     at-tab-ba-al-ši-na-ti
57     i-na ne-me-qí-ia
58     uš-tap-zí-ir-ši-na-ti
59     dan-nu-um en-ša-am
60     a-na la ḫa-ba-lim
61     NU.SÍG NU.MU.SU
62     šu-te-šu-ri-im
63     i-na KÁ.DINGIR.RAki
64     URU ša AN ù dEN.LÍL
65     re-ši-šu
66     ú-u[l]-lu-ú
67     i-na É-sag-íl
68     É ša ki-ma ša-me-e
69     ù er-ṣe-tim SUḪUŠ-šu ki-na
70     di-in ma-tim a-na di-a-nim
71     pu-ru-sé-e ma-tim
72     a-na pa-ra-si-im
73     ḫa-ab-lim šu-te-šu-ri-im
74     a-wa-ti-ia šu-qú-ra-tim
75     i-na NA.RU-ia aš-ṭur-ma
76     i-na ma-ḫar ALAM-ia
77     LUGAL mi-ša-ri-im
78     ú-ki-in
79     LUGAL ša in LUGAL-rí
80     šu-tu-ru a-na-ku
81     a-wa-tu-ú-a na-ás-qá
82     le-ú-ti ša-ni-nam
83     ú-ul i-šu
84     i-na qí-bí-it dUTU
85     da-a-a-nim ra-bi-im
86     ša AN ù KI
87     mi-ša-ri i-na KALAM
88     li-iš-te-pí
89     i-na a-wa-at
90     dAMAR.UTU be-lí-ia
91     ú-ṣú-ra-tu-ú-a
92     mu-ša-sí-ka[m] a ir-ši-a
93     i-na É-sag-íl
94     ša a-ra-am-mu šu-mi i-na da-mi-iq-tim
 
col. xlviii
1       a-na da-ar
2       li-iz-za-ki-ir
3       a-wi-lum ḫa-ab-lum
4       ša a-wa-tam
5       i-ra-aš-šu-ú
6       a-na ma-ḫa-ar ALAM-ia
7       šàr mi-ša-ri-im
8       li-il-li-ik-ma
9       NA.RU-i
10     ša-aṭ-ra-am
11     li-iš-ta-ás-si-ma
12     a-wa-ti-ia
13     šu-qú-ra-tim
14     li-iš-me-ma
15     NA.RU-i a-wa-tam
16     li-kál-lim-šu
17     di-in-šu li-mu-úr
18     li-⌈ib⌉-ba-šu
19     l[i-n]a-ap-pí-iš-ma
20     Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí-mi
21     be-lum ša ki-ma a-bi-im
22     wa-li-di-im
23     a-na ni-ši
24     i-ba-aš-šu-ú
25     a-na a-wa-at
26     dAMAR.UTU be-lí-šu
27     uš-ta-ak-ti-it-ma
28     ir-ni-ti dAMAR.UTU
29     e-li-iš
30     ù ša-ap-li-iš
31     ik-šu-ud
32     li-ib-bi dAMAR.UTU
33     be-lí-šu ú-ṭì-ib
34     ù ši-ra-am ṭa-ba-am
35     a-na ni-ši
36     a-na da-ar i-ši-im
37     ù ma-tam
38     uš-te-še-er
39     á-ni-tam
40     li-iq-bi-ma
41     i-na ma-ḫar
42     dAMAR.UTU be-lí-ia
43     dZar-pa-ni-tum
44     be-el-ti-ia
45     i-na li-ib-bi-šu
46     ga-am-ri-im
47     li-ik-ru-ba-am
48     še-du-um la-ma-súm
49     DINGIR.DINGIR e-ri-bu-ut
50     É-sag-íl
51     SIG4É-sag-íl
52     i-gi-ir-re-e
53     UD-mi-ša-am
54     i-na ma-ḫar
55     dAMAR.UTU be-lí-ia
56     dZar-pa-ni-tum
57     be-el-ti-ia
58     li-dam-mi-qú
59     a-na wa-ar-ki-
60     -a-at UD-mi
61     a-na ma-ti-ma
62     LUGAL ša i-na KALAM
63     ib-ba-aš-šu-ú
64     a-wa-a-at
65     mi-ša-ri-im
66     ša i-na NA.RU-ia
67     aš-ṭú-ru li-ṣur
68     di-in ma-tim
69     ša a-di-nu
70     pu-ru-sé-e KALAM
71     ša ap-ru-su
72     a ú-na-ak-ki-ir
73     ú-ṣú-ra-ti-ia
74     a ú-ša-sí-ik
75     šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú
76     ta-ši-im-tam i-šu-ma
77     ma-sú šu-te-šu-ra-am i-le-i
78     a-na a-wa-a-tim
79     ša i-na NA.RU-ia aš-ṭú-ru li-qúl-ma
80     ki-ib-sa-am ri-dam
81     di-in KALAM ša a-di-nu
82     pu-ru-sé-e KALAM
83     ša ap-ru-su
84     NA.RU-um šu-ú
85     li-kál-lim-šu-ma
86     ṣa-al-ma-at qá-qá-di-šu
87     li-iš-te-še-er
88     di-in-ši-na li-di-in
89     pu-ru-sà-ši-na
90     li-ip-ru-ús
91     i-na ma-ti-šu ra-ga-am
92     ù ṣe-nam li-sú-úḫ
93     ši-ir ni-ši-šu
94     li-ṭi-ib
95     Ḫa-am-mu-ra-pí
96     LUGAL mi-ša-ri-im
97     ša dUTU ki-na-tim
98     iš-ru-ku-šum a-na-ku
99     a-wa-tu-ú-a na-ás-qá
100   ep-še-tu-ú-a
101   ša-ni-nam
102   ú-ul i-ša-a
103   e-la a-na la ḫa-
104   -sí-im ri-qá
105   a-na em-qí-im
 
col. xlix
1       a-na ta-na-da-tim šu-ṣa-a
2       šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú
3       a-na a-wa-ti-ia
4       ša i-na NA.RU-ia aš-ṭú-ru
5       i-qúl-ma
6       di-ni la ú-ša-as-sí-ik
7       a-wa-ti-ia
8       la uš-te-pe-el
9       ú-ṣú-ra-ti-ia
10     la ú-na-ki-ir
11     a-wi-lum šu-ú
12     ki-ma ia-ti
13     LUGAL mi-ša-ri-im
14     dUTU gišGIDRU-šu
15     li-ir-ri-ik
16     ni-ši-šu
17     i-na mi-ša-ri-im li-re
18     šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú
19     a-na a-wa-ti-ia
20     ša i-na NA.RU-ia
21     aš-ṭú-ru
22     la i-qúl-ma
23     er-re-ti-ia
24     i-me-eš-ma
25     er-re-et ì-lí
26     la i-dur-ma
27     di-in a-di-nu
28     up-ta-as-sí-is
29     a-wa-ti-ia
30     uš-te-pe-el
31     ú-ṣú-ra-ti-ia
32     ut-ta-ak-ki-ir
33     šu-mi ša-aṭ-ra-am
34     ip-ši-iṭ-ma
35     šum-šu iš-ta-ṭár
36     aš-šum er-re-tim! ši-na-ti
37     ša-ni-a-am-ma
38     uš-ta-ḫi-iz
39     a-wi-lum šu-ú
40     lu LUGAL
41     lu EN
42     lu ÉNSI
43     ù lu a-wi-lu-tum
44     ša šu-ma-am na-bi-a-at
45     AN ra-bu-um
46     a-bu ì-lí
47     na-bu-ú BALA-ia
48     ME.LÁM šar-ru-tim
49     li-ṭe4-er-šu
50     gišGIDRU-šu
51     li-iš-bi-ir
52     ši-ma-ti-šu li-ru-ur
53     dEN.LÍL be-lum
54     mu-ši-im ši-ma-tim
55     ša qí-bí-sú
56     la ut-ta-ka-ru
57     mu-šar-bu-ù
58     šar-ru-ti-ia
59     te-ši la šu-up-pí-im
60     ga-ba-ra-aḫ
61     ḫa-la-qí-šu
62     i-na šu-ub-ti-šu
63     li-ša-AB-BI-ḫa-aš-šum
64     BALA ta-ne-ḫi-im
65     UD-mi i-ṣú-tim
66     ša-na-a-at
67     ḫu-ša-aḫ-ḫi-im
68     ek-le-et
69     la na-wa-ri-im
70     mu-ut ni-ṭi-il i-nim
71     a-na ši-im-tim
72     li-ši-im-šum
73     ḫa-la-aq URU-šu
74     na-ás-pu-úḫ ni-ši-šu
75     šar-ru-sú šu-pé-lam
76     šum-šu ù zi-kir-šu
77     i-na ma-tim
78     la šu-ub-ša-a-am
79     i-na KA-šu kab-tim
80     li-iq-bi
81     dNin-líl
82     AMA ra-bí-tum 
83     ša qí-bí-sà
84     i-na É.KUR kab-tat
85     NIN mu-dam-mi-qá-at
86     i-gi-ir-re-ia
87     a-šar ši-ip-ṭi-im
88     ù pu-ru-sé-em
89     i-na ma-ḫar dEn-líl
90     a-wa-sú li-le-mi-in
91     šu-ul-pu-ut ma-ti-šu
92     ḫa-la-aq ni-ši-šu
93     ta-ba-ak na-piš-ti-šu
94     ki-ma me-e
95     i-na KA dEn-líl
96     šar-ri-im
97     li-ša-aš-ki-in
98     dEN.KI NUN ra-bi-um
99     ša ši-ma-tu-šu
100   i-na maḫ-ra i-la-ka
101   NUN.ME ì-lí
102   mu-de mi-im-ma šum-šu
103   mu-ša-ri-ku
 
col. l
1       UD-um ba-la-ṭi-ia
2       uz-nam
3       ù ne-me-qá-am
4       li-ṭe4-er-šu-ma
5       i-na mi-ši-tim
6       li-it-ta-ar-ru-šu
7       ÍD.ÍD-šu
8       i-na na-ag-bi-im
9       li-is-ki-ir
10     i-na er-ṣe-ti-šu
11     dÉZINA
12     na-pí-iš-ti ni-ši
13     a ú-ša-ab-ši
14     dUTU da-a-a-nu-um ra-bi-um
15     ša ša-me-e
16     ù er-ṣe-tim
17     mu-uš-⌈te⌉-še-er
18     ša-ak-na-at na-pí-iš-tim
19     be-lum tu-kúl-ti
20     šar-ru-sú li-is-ki-ip
21     di-in-šu
22     a i-di-in
23     ú-ru-úḫ-šu li-ši
24     SUḪUŠ!(DU) um-ma-ni-šu
25     li-iš-ḫe-⌈el⌉-ṣí
26     i-na bi-ri-šu
27     UZU lem-nam
28     ša na-sa-aḫ
29     SUḪUŠ šar-ru-ti-šu
30     ù ḫa-la-aq ma-ti-šu li-iš-ku-un-šum
31     a-wa-tum ma-ru-uš-tum
32     ša dUTU ar-ḫi-iš
33     li-ik-šu-sú
38     i-na er-ṣe-tim
39     UDUG.UDUG-šu
40     me-e li-ša-az-mi
41     dEN.ZU be-el ša-me-e
42     DINGIR ba-ni-i
43     ša še-re-sú
44     i-na ì-lí šu-pa-a-at
45     AGA gišGU.ZA ša šar-ru-tim
46     li-ṭe4-er-šu
47     ar-nam kab-tam
48     še-re-sú ra-bi-tam
49     ša i-na zu-um-ri-šu
50     la i-ḫal-li-qú
51     li-mu-sú-ma
52     UD-mi ITU.ITU
53     ša-na-a-at BALA-šu
54     i-na ta-ne-ḫi-im
55     ù di-im-ma-tim
56     li-ša-aq-ti
57     kam-ma-al šar-ru-tim
58     li-ša-aṭ-ṭi-il-šu
59     ba-la-ṭam
60     ša it-ti mu-tim
61     ši-ta-an-nu
62     a-na ši-im-tim
63     li-ši-im-šum
64     dIŠKUR be-el ḪÉ.GÁL
65     GÚ.GAL ša-me-e
66     ù er-ṣe-tim
67     re-ṣú-ú-a
68     zu-ni i-na ša-me-e
69     mi-lam
70     i-na na-ag-bi-im
71     li-ṭe4-er-šu
72     ma-sú
73     i-na ḫu-ša-aḫ-ḫi-im
74     ù bu-bu-tim
75     li-ḫal-li-iq
76     e-li URU-šu
77     ez-zi-iš
78     li-is-si-ma
79     ma-sú a-na DU6a-bu-bi-im
80     li-te-er
81     dZa-ba4-ba4
82     qar-ra-du-um ra-bi-um
83     DUMU re-eš-tu-um
84     ša É-kur
85     a-li-ku im-ni-ia
86     a-šar tám-ḫa-ri-im
87     gišTUKUL-šu li-iš-bi-ir
88     UD-ma-am a-na mu-ši-im
89     li-te-er-šum-ma
90     na-ki-ir-šu e-li-šu
91     li-iš-zi-iz
92     dINANNA be-le-et
93     ME6ù ŠEN.ŠEN
94     pa-ti-a-at
95     gišTU[K]UL-ia
96     la-ma-sí
97     da-mi-iq-tum
98     ra-i-ma-at BALA-ia
99     i-na li-ib-bi-ša
100   ag-gi-im
101   i-na uz-za-ti-ša
102   ra-bí-a-tim
103   šar-ru-sú li-ru-ur
104   dam-qá-ti-šu
105   a-na le-em-ne-tim
106   li-te-er
 
col. li
1       (line to cancel)
2       a-šar ME6ù ŠEN.ŠEN
3       gišTUKUL-šu
4       li-iš-b[i]-ir
5       i-ši-tam
6       sà-aḫ-ma-aš-tam
7       li-iš-ku-un-šum
8       qar-ra-di-šu
9       li-ša-am-qí-it
10     da-mi-šu-nu
11     er-ṣe-tam li-iš-qí
12     gu-ru-un
13     ša-al-ma-at
14     um-ma-na-ti-šu
15     i-na ṣe-ri-im
16     li-it-ta-ad-di
17     ERIM-šu-ma? re-ma-am
18     a-i ú-šar-ši
19     šu-a-ti
20     a-na qá-at na-ak-ri-šu
21     li-ma-al-li-šu-ma
22     a-na ma-at nu-ku-úr-ti-šu
23     ka-mi-iš li-ru-šu
24     dKIŠ.UNU.GAL
25     dan-nu-um i-na ì-lí
26     qá-ba-al la ma-ḫa-ar
27     mu-ša-ak-ši-du
28     ir-ni-ti-ia
29     i-na ka-šu-ši-šu
30     ra-bi-im
31     ki-ma i-ša-tim
32     ez-ze-tim ša a-pí-im
33     ni-ši-šu
34     li-iq-mì
35     in gišTUKUL-šu dan-nim
36     li-ša-TI-šu-ma
37     bi-ni-a-ti-šu
38     ki-ma ṣa-lam ṭi-ṭi-im
39     li-iḫ-bu-uš
40     dNin-tu
41     NIN ṣi-ir-tum
42     ša ma-ta-tim
43     AMA ba-ni-ti
44     TUR.UŠ li-ṭe4-er-šu-ma
45     šu-ma-am
46     a ú-šar-ši-šu
47     i-na qer-bi-it ni-ši-šu
48     NUMUN a-wi-lu-tim
49     a ib-ni
50     dNin-kar-ra-ak
51     DUMU.MÍ AN-nim
52     qá-bi-a-at
53     dum-qí-ia
54     i-na É-kur
55     mur-ṣa-am kab-tam
56     Á.ZÁG le-em-nam
57     sí-im-ma-am mar-ṣa-am
58     ša la i-pa-aš-še-ḫu
59     A.ZU!(SU) qé-re-eb-šu
60     la i-lam-ma-du
61     i-na ṣí-im-di
62     la ú-na-aḫ-ḫu-šu
63     ki-ma ni-ši-ik mu-tim la in-na-sà-ḫu
64     i-na bi-ni-a-ti-šu
65     li-ša-ṣi-a-aš-šum-ma
66     a-di na-pí-iš-ta-šu
67     i-bé-el-lu-ú
68     a-na eṭ-lu-ti-šu
69     li-id!(DA)-dam-ma-am
70     DINGIR.GAL.GAL
71     ša ša-me-e
72     ù er-ṣe-tim
73     dA.NUN.NA
74     i-na PAP-šu-nu
75     še-ed bi-tim
76     SIG4É-babbar-ra
77     šu-a-ti
78     NUMUN-šu
79     ma-sú ERIM-šu
80     ni-ši-šu
81     ù um-ma-an-šu
82     er-re-tam
83     ma-ru-uš-tam li-ru-ru
84     er-re-tim
85     á!(DA)-ni-a-tim
86     dEn-líl
87     i-na KA-šu
88     ša la ut-ta-ak-ka-ru
89     li-ru-ur-šu-ma
90     ar-ḫi-iš
91     li-ik-šu-da-šu
 
Translation
Prologue  
                
i               
1               When the august An,
2               king of the Anunaku,
3               (and) Enlil,
4               lord of heaven
5               and earth,
6               who determines
7               the destinies of the land,
8–13         allotted to Marduk, the firstborn son of Ea, the power of Enlil over all peoples,
14–15       made him great among the Igigu,
16–17       named Babylon with its august name,
18–19       made it supreme within the regions of the world,
20–26       (and) established for him (Marduk) within it (Babylon) eternal kingship whose foundations are fixed as heaven and earth,
27             at that time,
28             Hammurapi,
29–30       the pious prince,
31             who fears the gods, me,
32–34       to bring forth justice in the land,
35–36       to abolish the wicked and the evil,
37–39       to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak,
40–42       to rise like Šamaš over the black-headed,
43–44       to illuminate the land,
45–46       An and Enlil,
47–48       to improve the well-being of the people,
49             named me by my name.
50–53       I am Hammurapi, the shepherd, named by Enlil,
54             he who heaped high
55             abundance
56             and plenty,
57             who perfected
58             everything possible
59             for Nippur, the band of heaven and earth,
60–61       the pious provider
62             of the Ekur;
63             the capable king,
64–65       who restored Eridu,
66             who purely performed
ii              
1               the purification rite of the Eabzu;
2               the onslaught
3–4           of the four regions of the world,
5               who magnified the reputation
6               of Babylon,
7               who gladdend
8               the heart of Marduk,
9               his lord,
10             who daily
11             stands
12             by the Esaĝil;
13             seed of kingship,
14             he whom Sîn
15             has created,
16             who enrichened
17             Ur,
18             humble,
19             devout supplicant,
20             who brought abundance
21             for the Ekišnugal;
22             king of prudence,
23             who listened to Šamaš, (Hammurapi) the strong one,
24             who made firm
25             the foundations of Sippar,
26             who draped
27–28       the raised temple of Aya with greenery,
29             who exalted
30             the temple of Ebabbar,
31             which is like the abode of heaven;
32             the warrior who showed mercy
33             to Larsa,
34             who renewed the Ebabbar
35             for Šamaš,
36             his ally;
37             the lord who revitalized
38             Uruk,
39–40       who provided abundant water
41             for its people,
42             who raised high
43             the head of Eana,
44             who heaped high
45             bountiful produce
46             for An
47             and Ištar;
48             the shade of the land,
49             who gathered together
50             the scattered peoples
51             of Isin,
52             who supplied
53             abundance
54             for the temple of Egalmaḫ;
55             dragon among the kings,
56             favourite brother
57             of Zababa,
58             who founded
59             the settlement of Kiš,
60–62       who completely surrounded the Emeteursaĝ with splendour,
63             who arranged
64             the great rites
65             of Ištar,
66             who took charge of the temple
67             Ḫursaĝkalama;
68             throw-net of the enemies,
69             whom Erra, his friend,
70             allowed him to obtain
iii             
1               his desire,
2               who enlarged
3               Kutâ,
4               who augmented
5               everything
6               for Meslam;
7–8           the fierce bull
9               who gored the enemies,
10             beloved of Tutu,
11–12       the one who made Barsipa exult,
13             the pious one
14             who does not fail
15             (caring) for Ezida;
16             god among the kings,
17             who is steeped in wisdom,
18             who enlarged
19             the cultivated area
20             of Dilbad,
21             who heaped up piles of barley
22–23       for the strong Uraš;
24             the lord worthy of
25             the scepter
26             and the crown,
27–29       whom the wise Mama has made perfect,
30             who devised
31             the plans
32             of Keš,
33             who provided abundantly
34             pure meals
35             for Nintu;
36             the judicious one,
37             the perfect one,
38             who alloted
39             pasture
40             and watering
41             for Lagaš
42             and Girsu,
43             who provided
44–45       plentiful food offerings
46             for Eninnu;
47             who seized the enemies,
48             beloved of
49             the able one,
50             who performed in full
51             the rulings
52             for Sugal,
53             who gladdened
54             the heart of Ištar;
55             the pure prince,
56             whose prayer
57             Adad acknowledges,
58             who appeased
59–60       the heart of the hero Adad
61             in Karkara,
62             who installed
63             the proper appurtenances
64             all over the Eudgalgal;
65             the king who gave
66             life
67             to Adab,
68             who organized
69             the temple Emaḫ;
70             lord of kings,
71             battle
72             that cannot be withstood,
iv             
1               who granted
2               life
3               to Maškan-šāpir,
4–6           who caused Meslam to be irrigated with abundance;
7               wise one,
8               organizer,
9               who achieved
10             all wisdom,
11             who sheltered
12             the people of Malgiʾum
13             in the catastrophe,
14             who founded
15             their settlements
16             in abundance,
17–22       who forever decreed pure food offerings for Ea and Damkina who magnified his kingship;
23             leader of kings,
24             who subdued
25             the settlements
26             along the Euphrates
27             by the command of Dagan,
28             his creator,
29             who (Dagan) had become angry(?)
30             with the people of Mari
31             and Tuttul;
32–33       pious prince,
34             who brigthened
35             the face of Tišpak,
36             who provided pure dishes
37             for Ninazu,
38             who saved his people
39             in crisis,
40             who made firm
41–44       their foundation in peace in the midst of Babylon;
45             shepherd of the people,
46             whose deeds
47             are pleasing to Ištar,
48             who established Ištar
49             in the Eulmaš
50             in the midst of
51–52       the market town Akkad;
53             who brought forth justice,
54             who provided justice for the people,
55             who restored
56–57       its benevolent protective spirit
58             to Aššur;
59             who silenced the rebels(?),
60             the king who in Ninive,
61             in Emesmes,
62             made shine
63             the rites of Ištar;
64             the pious one,
65             who prays ceaselessly
66             for the great gods,
67             scion of
68             Sumulael,
69             strong son
70             of Sînmuballiṭ,
v              
1               eternal seed
2               of royalty,
3               strong king,
4               sun of
5               Babylon,
6               who spread light
7               over the land
8               of Šumer
9               and Akkad,
10             king who made constantly hear
11–12       the four regions of the world,
13             favored of Ištar,
14             I,
15–19       when Marduk commanded me to provide justice for the people, to let the land learn appropriate behaviour,
20–23       I put truth and justice in the mouth of the land,
24             enhanced the well-being of the people.
25             At that time (I established the following laws):
                
Epilogue  
                
col. xlvii  
1               Laws
2               of justice
3               which Hammurāpi,
4               the able king,
5               has established and thereby
6–8           has directed the land along a true course and a good way.
9               Hammurāpi,
10             perfect king, I:
11             toward the black-headed,
12             that Enlil had granted me,
13             with whose shepherding
14             Marduk had charged me,
15             I have not been negligent,
16             I have not been careless.
17             Places of peace
18             I sought for them everywhere.
19             Serious difficulties
20             I removed.
21             I spread light over them.
22             With the strong weapon
23             which Zababa
24             and Ištar
25             had bestowed upon me,
26             with the wisdom
27             which Ea had allotted to me,
28             with the ability
29             which Marduk had given me,
30–31       I uprooted the enemies above and below.
32             I put and end to wars.
33–34       I improved the well-being of the land.
35–37       The people of the settlements I made lie in pastures.
38–39       I did not permit anyone to harrass them.
40             The great gods
41             have chosen me and
42             I am indeed
43             the shepherd who brings peace,
44             whose scepter
45             is just.
46–48       My benevolent shade is spread over my city.
49             On my lap
50–51       I held the people of the land of Sumer and Akkad.
53             Under my protective spirit
54             they prospered.
55             In peace
56             I always maintained them.
57             With my wisdom
58             I always sheltered them.
59–60       In order that the strong not wrong the weak,
61–62       to provide justice for the waif and the widow,
63             in Babylon,
64             the city which An and Enlil
65–66       have evelated,
67             in Esaĝil,
68–69       the house whose foundation is fixed as are heaven and earth,
70             in order to render the judgement of the land
71–72       to give the verdict of the land,
73             to provide justice for the wronged,
74–75       I have written my precious words on my stela
76–78       and set it up before the statue of me, the king of justice.
79–80       I am the king preeminent among the kings.
81             My words are choice.
82–83       My ability does not have any rival.
84             By the command of Šamaš,
85             the great judge
86             of heaven and earth,
87–88       may my justice prevail in the land.
89             By the word
90             of Marduk, my lord,
91–92       may my reliefs not have any defacer.
93             In Esaĝil,
94–95       which I love, may my name
col. xlviii 
1               always
2               be remembered.
3               Let any wronged man
4–5           who has a lawsuit
6–8           come before the statue of me, the king of justice, and
9–11         let him read my inscribed statue, and
12–14       may he hear my precious words and
15–16       let my stela reveal the case for him.
17             May he recognize his right.
18–19       May he calm his heart,
20             saying: Hammurāpi,
21–24       the lord who is like a natural father to his people,
25–27       submitted himself to the word of Marduk, his lord and
28–31       achieved victory for Marduk above and below.
32–33       He gladdened the heart of Marduk, his lord
34–36       and decided forever well-being for the people
37–38       and provided justice for the land.”
39             Thus
40             he may say, and
41             before
42             Marduk, my lord,
43             (and) Zarpanītum,
44             my lady,
45–47       may he pray for me with his whole heart.
48             The protective spirit, the good spirit,
49             the gods who enter
50             Esaĝil,
51             the brickwork of Esaĝil
52–58       may they give me daily a good reputation before Marduk, my lord, (and) Zarpanītum, my lady.
59–60       In the future,
61             at any time,
62–67       may any king who will appear in the land, observe the words of justice that I inscribed on my stela.
68–72       May he not alter the law of the land that I gave, the verdict of the land that I rendered.
73–74       May he not remove my reliefs.
75             If that man
76             has discernment, and
77             is capable to provide justice for his land,
78–79       may he heed the words I have inscribed on my stela.
80–85       May that stela reveal for him behavior (and) conduct, the law of the land that I gave, the verdict of the land that I rendered, and
86–87       may he provide justice for the black-headed.
88             May he give their law.
89–90       May he render their verdict.
91–92       May he eradicate the wicked and the evil from his land.
93–94       May he improve the well-being of his people.
95–98       I am Hammurāpi, king of justice, to whom Šamaš has granted the truth.
99             My words are choice.
100           My deeds
101–102   are unvivalled.
103–104   They are meaningless only to the fool.
105           To the wise
col. xlix   
1               they are worth of praise.
2–5           If that man has heeded my words which I have inscribed upon my stela, and
6               has not rejected my law,
7–8           changed my words,
9–10         altered my reliefs,
11–15       then may Šamaš lengthen his scepter, as he did for me, the king of justice.
16–17       May he shepherd his people with justice.
18–22       If that man has not heeded my words which I have inscribed upon my stela, and
23–24       has slighted my curses, and
25–26       not feared the curses of the gods,
27–28       canceled the law which I gave,
29–30       changed my words,
31–32       altered my reliefs,
33–34       erased my inscribed name and
35             inscribed his name,
36             (or) because of theses curses
37–38       instigated someone else (to do so),
39             that man,
40             whether a king,
41             or a lord,
42             or a governor,
43             or any human being
44             of any name,
45–50       May the great Anum, father of the gods, who has proclaimed my reign, deprive him of the sheen of royalty,
50–51       smash his sceptre,
52             curse his destiny.
53–63       May Enlil, the lord, who determines the destinies, whose utterance cannot be countermanded, who magnifies my kingship, incite(?) against him in his residence disorder that cannot be quelled and a rebellion that will result in his obliteration;
64–72       may he cast as his fate a reign of groaning, few days, years of famine, a darkness without illumination, and death of eyesight;
73–80       may he order with his venerable mouth the obliteration of his city, the dispersion of his people, to supplant his dynasty, and to blot out his name and his memory from the land.
81–90       May Ninlil, the great mother, whose utterance is honoured in the Ekur temple, the mistress who makes my portents auspicious, denounce his case before the god Enlil at the place of litigation and verdict;
91–97       may she cause to be placed in the mouth of king Enlil the destruction of his land, the obliteration of his people, and the spilling of his life force like water.
98–l 4       May Ea, the great prince, whose destinies take precedence, the sage among the gods, all-knowing, who lengthens the days of my life, deprive him of all understanding and wisdom, and
5–6           may he lead him into confusion;
7–9           may he dam up his rivers at the source;
10–13       may he not allow to grow grain, the life of the people, on his soil.
14–20       May Šamaš, the great judge of heaven and earth, who provides just ways for the living creatures, the lord, my trust, overturn his kingship;
21–22       may he not render his judgements;
23             may he confuse his path;
24             may he make the foothold of his troops slip;
26–30       may he provide in his divination an inauspicious omen portending the uprooting of the foundations of his kingship and the obliteration of his land;
31–33       may the malevolent word of Šamaš swiftly overtake him;
34–36       may he uproot him from among the living above;
38–40       may he make his ghost thirst for water below in the nether world.
41–46       May Sîn, the lord of heaven, the god my creator, whose penalty prevails among the gods, deprive him of the crown and throne of kingship;
47–51       may he impose upon him an onerous punishment, a great penalty for him, which will not depart from his body, and
52–56       may he conclude days, months, years of his reign with groaning and mourning;
57–58       may he unveil before him a contender for the kingship;
59–63       may he decree for him a life that rivals with death.
64–71       May Adad, lord of abundance, the canal-inspector of heaven and earth, my helper, deprive him of rain from heaven and flood from the spring;
72–75       may he obliterate his land through destitution and famine
76–78       may he roar fiercely over his city, and
79–80       may he turn his land into an abandoned hill left by the flood.
81–87       May Zababa, the great warrior, the firstborn son of the Ekur temple, who goes at my right side, smash his weapon upon the field of battle;
88–89       may he turn day into night for him, and
90–82       make his enemy triumph over him.
92–103     May Ištar, mistress of battle and warfare, who bares my weapon, my benevolent protective spirit, who loves my reign, curse his kingship with her angry heart and great fury;
104–106   may she turn what is good for him into calamities;
col. li       
1               (line to cancel)
2–4           may she smash his weapon on the field of war and battle,
5–7           put for him confusion and rebellion,
8–9           strike down his warriors,
10             drench the earth with their blood,
12             make heaps of the corpses of his soldiers everywhere upon the plain,
17–18       show his soldiers no mercy,
19–21       deliver him into the hand of his enemies, and
22–23       lead him bound captive to the land of his enemy.
24–34       May Nergal, the mighty one among the gods, the irresistible onslaught, who enables me to achieve my triumphs, burn his people with his great overpowering weapon like a raging fire in a reed thicket;
35–36       may he have him beaten with his mighty weapon, and
37–39       shatter his limbs like a clay figure.
40–44       May Nintu, august mistress of the lands, the mother, my creator, deprive him of an heir and
45–46       give him no offspring;
47–49       may he not engender a human child among his people.
50–65       May Ninkarrak, daughter of Anum, who speaks good of me in Ekur, cause a grievous malady to break out upon his limbs, an evil demonic disease, a serious carbuncle, which does not soothe, which a physician cannot diagnose, which he cannot ease with bandages, which, like the bite of death cannot be expunged, and
66–69       may he bewail his virility until his life comes to an end.
70–83       May the great gods of heaven and earth, all the Annunaku deities together, the protective spirit of the temple, the very brickwork of the Ebabbar temple, curse that one, his seed, his land, his troops, his people, and his army with a terrible curse.
84–89       May Enlil, whose command cannot be countermanded, curse him with these curses, and
90–91       may they swiftly overtake him.
Vocabulary
Word Translation Semantic Line
abūbum flood, deluge Nature/Cosmological phenomena l 79
abum father Kinship terms,Social status/Groups/Professions xlviii 21, xlix 46
aburrum rear, field; water-meadow, pasture Nature/Cosmological phenomena xlvii 36
Adab (UD.NUNki) GN GN iii 67
Adad (dIŠKUR) DN Deities/Divine sphere iii 57, iii 59, l 64
adārum II (v.) G to be afraid, fear, be worried, disturbed; Š to cause annoyance, frighten; Št to become frightened, worried xlix 26
adi until, as far as li 66
aggum angry l 100
agûm I tiara, crown iii 26, l 45
aḫāzum (v.) G to take, marry, grasp, seize, learn; Š to make s.o. take, marry, learn v 18, xlix 38
aḫum II arm, side; bank (of river) xlvii 16
ai, ē, â not xlvii 92, xlviii 72, 74, l 13, 22, li 18, 46, 49
Akkade GN GN iv 51, v 9, xlvii 51
alākum (v.) (DU) G to go, walk; Gt go off, away; Gtn wander, go repeatedly, roam about, walk; Š caus. of G xlviii 8, xlix 100, l 85
almattum (NU.MU.SU) widow xlvii 61
ālum (URU.KI) village, town, city Locations/Buildings xlvii 47, xlvii 64, xlix 73, l 76
amārum (v.) G to see; catch sight of; N pass. of G, be found xlviii 17
ammum people iv 54
ana I to, for i 8, 34, 36, 39, 41, 47, 59, 65, ii 12, 21, 35, 41, 46, iii 6, 15, 22, 35, 41, 46, 67, iv 3, 6, 17, 37, 58, 66, v 7, 16, xlvii 11, 47, 60, 70, 72, xlviii 1, 6, 23, 25, 35, 36, 59, 61, 78, 103, 105, xlix 1, 3, 19, 71, l 62, 79, 88, 105, li 20, 22, 68
anāku I, me Personal prons. i 53, v 13, xlvii 10, xlvii 42, xlvii 80, xlviii 98
annûm this, those Personal prons. xlviii 39, li 85
Anum DN Deities/Divine sphere i 1, i 45, ii 46, xlvii 64, xlix 45, li 51
Anunnakkū, Enunnakkū DN Deities/Divine sphere li 73
apkallum (ABGAL; NUN.ME) wise man, expert xlix 101
aplum (TUR.UŠ) heir, son Kinship terms iv 69, li 44
apum (gišGI) reed-bed, reed Fabricated objects,Nature/Cosmological phenomena li 32
arākum (v.) (GÍD.DA) G to be long; D make long, lengthen; Š to lengthen, prolong xlix 15, 103
arārum II (v.) to curse, insult xlix 52, l 103, li 83, 89
arba'um four v 12
arḫiš quickly, hastily l 32, li 90
arnum sin, guilt, misdeed, punishment, fault, penalty l 47
asakkum I (Á.ZÁG) disease caused by the asakkum demon (a kind of) Diseases/Demons li 56
ašarēdum (SAG.KAL) first and foremost, pre-eminent, leader iv 23
āširum inspector, checker iii 68
ašnan (ŠE.TIR) grain, cereal Flora l 11
ašrum (KI) place, site Locations/Buildings i 65, xlvii 17, xlix 87, l 86, li 2
aššum because (of) xlix 36
Aššur DN; GN GN iv 58
asûm physician Social status/Groups/Professions li 57
awātum, amātu (INIM) word, matter, speech Abstract concepts,Verbal expressions xlvii 74, xlvii 81, xlvii 89, xlviii 4, xlviii 12, xlviii 15, xlviii 25, xlviii 64, xlviii 78, xlviii 99, xlix 4, xlix 7, xlix 19, xlix 29, xlix 90, l 31
awīlum, aʾīlu (LÚ; LÚ.ÙLU) man, free man, human being Social status/Groups/Professions xlviii 3, xlviii 75, xlix 2, xlix 11, xlix 18, xlix 39
awīlūtum humanity, mankind xlix 43, li 48
Aya DN Deities/Divine sphere ii 28
ayyābum enemy iii 47
Bābilum (KÁ.DINGIR.RAki) GN GN i 16, ii 6, iv 43, v 5, xlvii 63
balāṭum (TI) life, vigour, good health Abstract concepts l 1, l 59
banûm (v.) G to build, create; N be created, made ii 15, li 49
bānûm, f. bānîtum creator, begetter Fauna (wild) iv 28, l 42, li 43
Borsippa (uru.BAR.SÍ.PÁ.ki) GN iii 12
bašûm (v.) G to be, exist; Š bring into being, create xlviii 24, 63, xlix 78, l 13
bēltum (NIN) lady, mistress, proprietress Social status/Groups/Professions xlviii 44, xlviii 57, xlix 85, l 92, li 41
bēlum (EN) lord, master, proprietor, owner Social status/Groups/Professions i 4, ii 9, ii 37, iii 24, xlvii 90, xlviii 21, xlviii 26, xlviii 33, xlviii 42, xlviii 55, xlix 53, xlix 41, l 19, l 41, l 64
belûm (v.) G to be extinguished, come to an end; D to extinguish xlvii 32, li 67
binītum creature, form, shape; limbs Body/Body parts li 37, li 64
bīrum divination l 26
bītum (É) house Locations/Buildings ii 30, ii 54, ii 66, iii 69, xlvii 68, li 75
bubūtum hunger, starvation Abstract concepts l 74
dadmū the inhabited world; villages, settlements Abstract concepts iv 25, xlvii 36
Dagan DN Deities/Divine sphere iv 27
damāmum (v.) G to wail, moan li 69
damāqum (v.) G to improve (intrans.) D to improve (trans.) xlviii 58
Damgalnunna DN Deities/Divine sphere iv 18
damiqtum favour, good fortune Qualities/Attributes xlvii 94, l 104
damqum good Qualities/Attributes iv 57, xlvii 7, l 97
dāmum blood Body/Body parts li 10
dannum (KAL.GA) powerful, mighty, great, strong Qualities/Attributes i 37, ii 23, iv 69, v 3, xlvii 22, xlvii 59, li 25, li 35
dāriš forever iv 21
dārûm everlasting, enduring Abstract concepts i 21, v 1
dārum era, eternity xlviii 1, 36
dayyānum judge Social status/Groups/Professions xlvii 85, l 14
diānum, dânum (v.) to judge xlvii 70, xlviii 69, 81, 88, xlix 27, l 22;
Dilbat GN GN iii 20
dimmatum moaning Human activities/actions l 55
dīnum (DI.KU5) verdict, case, judgement, legal decision xlvii 70, xlviii 17, xlviii 68, xlviii 81, xlviii 88, xlix 6, xlix 27, l 21
dumqum goodness, good (thing), welfare Abstract concepts li 53
Duranki TN i 59
Enki DN Deities/Divine sphere i 10, iv 17, xlvii 27, xlix 98
Eabzu TN Locations/Buildings ii 1
Eanna TN Locations/Buildings ii 43
Ebabbar TN Locations/Buildings ii 30, ii 34, li 76
edûm (v.) G to know; D to cause to know iii 57
Egalmaḫ TN Locations/Buildings ii 54
egerrûm utterance, ominous utterance xlviii 52, xlix 86
egûm (v.) III to be, become lazy xlvii 15
Ekišnugal TN Locations/Buildings ii 21
ekletum darkness Abstract concepts,Nature/Cosmological phenomena xlix 68
ekûm (NU.SÍG) impoverished, orphaned, bereaved xlvii 61
Ekur TN GN,Locations/Buildings i 62, xlix 84, l 84, li 54
eli, elu on, above, over iv 47, l 76, 90
eliš above xlvii 30, xlviii 29, l 34
Ellilūtum power of Enlil, divine supremacy Deities/Divine sphere i 11
ellum (KÙ.GA) pure, clear, sacred Qualities/Attributes iii 34, iii 55, iv 22, iv 36
elûm (v.) G to go up, arise; D make higher, raise, exalt; Š caus. of G; Št be raised (as) high xlvii 66
Emaḫ TN Locations/Buildings iii 69
emēdum (v.) to lean on, impose, dock (a ship) l 51
Emeteursag TN Locations/Buildings ii 62
Emišmiš TN Locations/Buildings iv 61
emqum wise, clever Human activities/actions iv 7, xlviii 105
Eninnu TN Locations/Buildings iii 46
Enlil DN Deities/Divine sphere i 3, i 46, i 53, xlvii 12, xlvii 64, xlix 53, xlix 89, xlix 95, li 86
enšum weak i 38, xlvii 59
epištum, epšetum deed, action, work iv 46
erbe four Abstract concepts ii 4
ēribum enterer xlviii 49
Eridu GN GN i 64
ernittum triumph, battle objective Abstract concepts,Human activities/actions xlviii 28, li 28
Erra DN, DN ( = Mars?) Deities/Divine sphere ii 69
erretum I curse Verbal expressions xlix 23, xlix 25, xlix 36, li 82, li 84
erṣetum (KI) earth, land, netherworld Nature/Cosmological phenomena i 5, i 23, xlvii 69, xlvii 86, l 10, l 16, l 38, l 66, li 11, li 72
eršum I wise iii 28
Esagila TN Locations/Buildings ii 12, xlvii 67, xlvii 93, xlviii 50, xlviii 51
ešērum (v.) G be straight, direct towards; be or become all right, be fair; Š put in good condition, make straight; Št1 pass. of Š; Št2 put, keep in order v 16, xlvii 62, 73, xlviii 38, 77, 87, l 17
ešītum confusion, disorder li 5
ešûm (v.) to confuse l 23
etellum (NIR) lord, prince, pre-eminent iii 70
eṭērum (v.) G to take away, save xlix 49, l 4, 46, 71, li 44
eṭlum (GURUŠ; ŠUL) manly; young man Human activities/actions,Social status/Groups/Professions li 68
Eudgalgal TN Locations/Buildings iii 64
Eulmaš TN Locations/Buildings iv 49
Ezida GN GN iii 15
ezziš furiously, fiercely l 77
ezzum furious, angry, fierce li 32
gabaraḫḫum rebellion, breast-beating, panic(?) Human activities/actions xlix 60
gāmilum merciful, sparing ii 32
gamrum whole, complete Abstract concepts xlviii 46
gašrum strong, powerful iii 23
gegunnûm, kikunnûm raised temple Locations/Buildings ii 28
Giršûm (GÍR.SUki) GN GN iii 42
gitmālum perfect, ideal, noble Human activities/actions iii 37, xlvii 10
gugallum (GÚ.GAL) canal-inspector, irrigation controller Deities/Divine sphere l 65
qurunnum, gurunnum heap, mound Fabricated objects li 12
ḫabālum II (v.) to do wrong, violence to i 39, xlvii 60
ḫabāsum (v.) to bind li 39
ḫablum wronged, wronged person Human activities/actions xlvii 73, xlviii 3
ḫalāqum (v.) G to be lost; D lose, destroy i 36, xlix 61, 73, 92, l 30, 50, 75
Ḫammurāpi PN; RN PN i 28, i 50, xlvii 3, xlvii 9, xlviii 20, xlviii 95
ḫassum intelligent, clever, wise Human activities/actions xlviii 103-104
ḫaṭṭum (gišGIDRU) stick, sceptre Fabricated objects iii 25, xlvii 44, xlix 14, xlix 50
ḫegallum (ḪÉ.GÁL) abundance, productivity, prosperity, plenty Abstract concepts ii 20, l 64
ḫiṣbum (abundant) yield, produce ii 45
Ḫursagkalamma GN GN ii 67
ḫušaḫḫum need, shortage, famine Abstract concepts xlix 67, l 73
igigallum (IGI.GÁL) wisdom, wise man Human activities/actions iii 17, xlvii 26
Igigû DN, the (ten) great gods Deities/Divine sphere i 14
ilum (DINGIR) god, deity Deities/Divine sphere i 31, iii 16, iv 66, xlvii 40, xlviii 49, xlix 25, xlix 46, xlix 101, l 42, l 44, li 25, 70
imnum right hand, right side Abstract concepts,Body/Body parts l 85
ina in, on, by, from i 14, 18, 20, 33, iii 61, 64, iv 49, 60, 61, v 22, xlvii 22, 26, 28, 49, 52, 55, 57, 63, 67, 75, 76, 84, 87, 89, 93, 94, xlviii 41, 45, 54, 62, 66, 79, 91, xlix 4, 17, 20, 62, 77, 79, 89, 95, 100, l 5, 8, 10, 26, 38, 44, 49, 54, 60, 70, 73, 99, 101, li 1
īnum (IGI) eye Body/Body parts xlix 70
inum I when i 1
inūma, enūma (UD) when, at the time of i 27, v 14, 25
išātum fire, fire (of heart), inflammation, fever Diseases/Demons,Nature/Cosmological phenomena li 31
išdum (SUḪUŠ) foundation, base; root Fabricated objects i 24, ii 25, iv 41, xlvii 69, l 24, l 29
Isin GN GN ii 51
iššiakkum (ÉNSI) territorial ruler, governour Social status/Groups/Professions xlix 42
Ištar DN Deities/Divine sphere ii 47, ii 65, iii 54, iv 35, iv 47, iv 48, iv 63, v 13, xlvii 24, l 92
īṣum too small, little, few xlix 65
išûm (v.) G to have xlvii 83, xlviii 76, 102
itti with Abstract concepts l 60
ittum sign, mark iv 27
izuzzum (v.) (GUB) G to stand; Gtn iter. of G; Š cause to be present, appoint ii 11, l 91
kabtum heavy, substantial, honoured, distinguished xlix 79, 84, l 47, li 55
kadrum rearing up, aggressive iii 8
kakkum (GIŠ.TUKUL) stick, weapon, battle Fabricated objects xlvii 22, l 87, l 85, li 3, li 35
kamālum (v.) to be(come) angry iv 29
kamîš in a bound state li 23
kammālum adversary l 57
kânum (v.) to be firm, to maintain and preserve the rule; D establish firmly i 26, xlvii 5, 78
karābum (v.) G to pray, bless, greet ; Gtn iter. Gt constantly pray to, call blessings on; Š caus. of G xlviii 47
karāšum II catastrophe iv 13
Karkara (URU.IM.KI) GN GN iii 61
karûm (GUR7) I grain-heap, grain-store iii 21
kašādum (v.) G to reach, arrive; D drive off, chase away; Š caus. of G ii 70, iv 9, xlviii 31, l 33, li 91
kašūšum annihilation, crushing defeat li 29
katātum (v.) G to quiver, vibrate; Št be disturbed xlviii 27
like, how?, if, that ii 31
kibrum (UB) bank (of a river), shore, rim, brink; quarter of the world Abstract concepts i 18, ii 3, v 11
kibsum track, footprint, way Body/Body parts,Nature/Cosmological phenomena xlviii 80
kīma like, as; when; that i 22, 40, xlvii 68, xlviii 21, xlix 12, 94, li 31, 38, 63
kīnum permanent, true, reliable Qualities/Attributes xlvii 6, 69
Kiš GN GN ii 59, iii 32
kiššatum (KIŠ) totality, world Abstract concepts i 12
kittum I steadiness, reliability, truth, justice, loyality Abstract concepts iv 53, v 20, xlvii 1, xlviii 97
kullum III (v.) to hold, hold back, cover xlvii 52
kullumum (v.) D to show, display xlviii 16, 85
kussûm (gišGU.ZA) chair, stool, throne Fabricated objects l 45
Kutḫa (uruGÚ.DU8.Aki) GN GN iii 3
not i 39, iii 14, iii 72, xlvii 60, xlviii 103, xlix 6, 8, 10, 22, 26, 56, 59, 69, 78, l 50, li 26, 58, 60, 62, 63, 88
Lagaš (ŠIR.BUR.LAki) GN GN iii 41
lamādum (v.) to learn, to become aware li 60
Lamassum (dLAMMA) (female) tutelary deity Deities/Divine sphere iv 56, xlvii 53, xlviii 48, l 96
lapātum (v.) G to touch; D ~ G; Š ruin, destroy, plunder xlix 91
Larsa (UD.UNUGki) GN GN ii 33
lē'ûm powerful, competent i 63, xlvii 4
le'ûm (v.) to be able, powerful xlviii 77
lemēnum (v.) G to be(come) bad; D do evil, treat badly xlix 90
lemnum (ḪUL) evil, bad; evil person, enemy Human activities/actions l 27, li 56
lemuttum evil, wickedness Human activities/actions l 105
lē'ûtum competence, skill, power Human activities/actions xlvii 28, xlvii 82
libbum (ŠÀ) heart, mind; inner body Body/Body parts i 20, ii 8, iii 54, iii 59, xlviii 18, xlviii 32, xlviii 45, l 99
libittum (SIG4) brick, mudbrick Fabricated objects xlviii 51, li 76
līpum offspring, descendant Kinship terms iv 67
maḫārum (v.) G to face, confront, oppose, receive; N to be accepted, received iii 72
maḫrum II front, presence Abstract concepts xlvii 76, xlviii 6, xlviii 41, xlviii 54, xlix 89, xlix 100, li 26
mākālum meal, food Food/Drink iii 34, iv 36
Malgûm (MÀ.AL.GU7.Aki) GN GN iv 12
malûm IV (v.) G to become full, fill up; D fill (up); Št to provide li 21
Mama DN Deities/Divine sphere iii 29
maqātum (v.) G to fall, drop; Š caus. of G li 9
mārat Anim daughter of An Deities/Divine sphere li 51
Marduk DN Deities/Divine sphere i 8, ii 8, v 15, xlvii 14, xlvii 29, xlvii 90, xlviii 26, xlviii 28, xlviii 32, xlviii 42, xlviii 55
Mari (MÁ/MA.RI.KI) GN GN iv 30
marṣum sick, troublesome Human activities/actions l 31, li 57, 83
mārtum (DUMU.MUNUS) daughter, girl Kinship terms li 51
mārum (DUMU) boy, son, descendant Kinship terms i 9, l 83
Maškanšāpir (uruMAŠ.KÁN.PA.ALki) GN GN iv 3
mašqītum watering place, irrigation outlet Locations/Buildings iii 40
mātum (KUR; KALAM) land, country Locations/Buildings i 7, i 33, i 43, ii 48, v 7, v 17, v 22, xlvii 6, xlvii 33, xlvii 50, xlvii 70, xlvii 71, xlvii 87, xlviii 37, xlviii 62, xlviii 68, xlviii 70, xlviii 77, xlviii 81, xlviii 82, xlviii 91, xlix 77, xlix 91, l 30, li 22, l 72, l 79, li 42
melemmum (ME.LÁM) fearsome radiance Abstract concepts ii 61, xlix 48
mēreštum cultivated land Locations/Buildings iii 19
mêšum (v.) to disregard, scorn xlix 24
migrum consent, approval, agreement Abstract concepts iii 48, v 13
mīlum high water, flood(ing) Nature/Cosmological phenomena l 69
mimma šumšu everithing Abstract concepts i 58, iii 5, xlix 102
merītum pasture, pasture-land Locations/Buildings iii 39
mīšarum justice Abstract concepts i 32, v 21, xlvii 2, xlvii 77, xlvii 87, xlviii 7, 65, 96, xlix 13, 17
mīšītum confusion Abstract concepts l 5
Meslam GN GN iii 6, iv 6
mû I (A(.MEŠ)) water Food/Drink,Nature/Cosmological phenomena ii 39, xlix 94, l 40
mû II cult rites, divine orders Deities/Divine sphere iv 63
muballiṭum life-giving ii 37
mubbibum who performs purely i 66
mudammiqum who improves xlix 85
muddišum who renews ii 34
mudeššûm life-giver, who lets sprout iii 33
mūdûm knowing, wise iii 17, xlix 102
mugallitum troublemaker, intimidator Human activities/actions xlvii 38
mugallitum troublemaker, intimidator xlvii 38
mugarrinum who heaps iii 21
muḫaddûm who makes happy iii 53
mukammirum who accumulates i 54, ii 44
mukannišum who submits iv 24
mukillum who holds, supports iii 43
mukinnum who establishes ii 24, iii 30, iv 40, 48
mullûm who raises ii 42
munaḫḫišum who grants prosperity ii 16
munakkipum butting, goring iii 9
munawwirum who brightens iv 34
muniḫḫum who calms, soothes iii 58
mupaḫḫirum who gathers, collector ii 49
mupparkûm who ceases, stops doing, leaves off work iii 14
murappišum who augments iii 4
murīššum who gives cause for rejoicing iii 11
murṣum (TU.RA) illness, sorrow, distress Diseases/Demons,Human activities/actions li 55
mušaddilum who widens, increases iii 18
mušaklilum who creates perfectly i 57, iii 50
mušakšidum who causes to achieve li 27
mušalbišum who closes, arrays ii 26
mušarbûm who makes great ii 5, iv 19, xlix 57
mušārikum who lengthens xlix 103
mušaršidum who founds ii 58, iv 14
mušašqûm who irrigates iv 4
mušassikum who causes to abandon xlvii 92
mušātirum who enlarges iii 2
mušeppûm who silences, suppresses iv 54
mušēpûm who makes clear, displays, makes glorious iv 53
mušēṣûm who brings out v 6
mušimmum who fixes, decrees xlix 54
muṣirrum who exalts ii 29
mušpazzirum who shelters iv 11
muštakkinum who places permanently iii 62
muštālum judicious, thoughtful, circumspect, deliberate iii 36
muštasḫirum who surrounds ii 60
muštēmiqum devout supplicant ii 19, iv 65
mušteṣbûm who executes thoroughly ii 63
muštēšerum who keeps in order l 17
muštešmûm who constantly makes hear v 10
mūšum (GI6) night(-time) l 88
mutabbilum who looks after, serves, administers iv 8
muṭaḫḫidum who supplies with abundance ii 52
mutammiḫum who grasps iii 47
muterrum who restores i 64, iv 55
muṭibbum who improves, heals, satisfies ii 7
mūtum death Abstract concepts,Diseases/Demons,Human activities/actions xlix 70, l 60, li 63
nābi'um who rises, revolts iv 59
nabûm called, authorized person xlix 44
nabûm (v.) G to name, nominate, decree, invoke, D lament, wail, Š cause to name, lament, wail i 17, 49, xlvii 41, xlix 44, 47
nadānum (v.) (SUM) G to give, bestow xlvii 14, 29
nādinum who gives; donor, seller iii 65
nadûm III (v.) G to throw down, lay down; N to be rejected; Š caus. of G xlvii 16, li 16
nagabbum, nagbum I underground water; the whole, entirety Nature/Cosmological phenomena iv 10, l 8, l 70
naḫāšum (v.) G prosper, thrive, be healthy; D grant prosperity, health xlvii 54
nâḫum (v.) G to rest; D to calm li 62
nakārum (v.) to be(come) different, strange, hostile; G change; D change, alter xlviii 72, xlix 10, 32, 56, li 88
nakrum strange, foreign, enemy Social status/Groups/Professions ii 68, xlvii 30, l 90, li 20
napāšum (v.) to breathe, become wide xlviii 19
napḫarum (ŠU.NIGIN; PAP) total, sum, (the) whole, entirety Abstract concepts li 74
napištum (ZI) throat, life Abstract concepts iii 66, iv 2, xlix 93, l 12, l 18, li 66
narāmum loved one, love Human activities/actions,Qualities/Attributes,Social status/Groups/Professions iii 10
narûm (NA.RU) stele Fabricated objects xlvii 75, xlviii 9, xlviii 15, xlviii 66, xlviii 79, xlviii 84, xlix 4, xlix 20
nārum I (ÍD) river, watercourse, canal Nature/Cosmological phenomena l 7
nasāḫum (v.) G to tear out, pull out, remove; G~D; N pass. be extracted, torn out xlvii 31, xlviii 92, l 28, 36, li 63
nasākum (v.) G to throw down, disregard xlviii 74, xlix 6
naṣārum (v.) G to guard, protect; Š caus. to G, keep in mind, heed, obey, respect, safeguard; Gt be careful, on o.’s guard xlviii 67
nasqum chosen, choice, precious xlvii 81), xlviii 99
nasqum chosen, choice, precious xlvii 81, xlviii 99
naṭālum (v.) G to look, gaze; Š to show l 58
naṭûm IV (v.) to hit, beat li 36
nawārum (v.) G to be(come) bright, shine; D make bright; Š cause to shine; ŠD lighten, gladen i 44, xlix 69
na'dum attentive, reverent Human activities/actions i 30, i 61, iii 13, iv 33, iv 64
neḫelṣûm (v.) N to slip, slide; Š cause to slip l 25
nēmequm wisdom, sagacity Abstract concepts xlvii 57, l 3
Nergal DN Deities/Divine sphere li 24
nibītum naming, nomenclature i 52
Ninazu DN Deities/Divine sphere iv 37
nindabûm, niddabûm offering of food Rituals/Religious practices iii 44
Ninkarrak DN Deities/Divine sphere li 50
Ninlil DN Deities/Divine sphere xlix 81
Nintu DN Deities/Divine sphere iii 35, li 40
Ninua GN GN iv 60
Nippur GN GN i 59
nīš qātim hand-lifting (a type of prayer) iii 56
niškum, neškum bite Diseases/Demons li 63
nišū (UN.MEŠ) people, humanity, population Social status/Groups/Professions i 12, i 47, ii 41, ii 50, iv 12, iv 30, iv 38, iv 45, v 16, v 24, xlvii 35, xlvii 50, xlviii 23, xlviii 35, xlviii 93, xlix 16, l 12, li 33, li 47, li 80, xlix 74
niṭlum eyesight Human activities/actions xlix 70
nizmatum desire, objective iii 1
nuḫšum abundance, plenty, fertility Abstract concepts i 55, ii 40, ii 53, iv 5, iv 16
nukurtum enmity, hostility Human activities/actions li 22
nūrum I (ZÁLAG) light Abstract concepts,Nature/Cosmological phenomena v 6, xlvii 21
pāliḫum worshipper; one who is afraid i 31
palûm (BALA) reign, period of office xlix 47, xlix 64, l 53, l 98
pānum I (IGI) front, face, earlier times Abstract concepts,Body/Body parts iv 35
pāqidum who takes charge ii 66
parāsum (v.) G to cut (off), decide, divide; Gtn continually block xlvii 72, xlviii 71, 83, 90
parṣum office, (cultic) ordinance, divine powers, rites Deities/Divine sphere,Locations/Buildings,Rituals/Religious practices ii 64
pašāḫum (v.) G to cool down, rest; Gtn OB "repeatedly gain relief" sexually; Š cause/allow to rest, calm, pacify; Št be assuaged; ŠD calm, pacify li 58
pasāsum (v.) to erase, destroy xlix 28
pasāṭum (v.) to erase xlix 34
pazārum (v.) to hide, put aside xlvii 58
pētûm who opens l 94
petûm II (v.) G to open, expose; Š to cause to open xlvii 20
pûm I (KA) mouth, statement, command, opening v 22, xlix 79, xlix 95, li 87
Purattum Euphrates GN iv 26
purussûm decision xlvii 71, xlviii 70, xlviii 82, xlviii 89, xlix 88
pušqum narrowness, straits iv 39, xlvii 19
qablum II (ŠEN.ŠEN) battle, fight iii 71, xlvii 32, l 93, li 2, 26
qābûm who speaks li 52
qabûm (v.) (DUG4) G to say, speak, command xlviii 40, xlix 80, li 52
qâlum (v.) to pay attention, be silent xlviii 79, xlix 5, 22
qamûm (v.) G to burn; D ~ G l 34
qaqqadum (SAG; SAG.KI) head, capital Body/Body parts xlviii 86
qarrādum (UR.SAG) warlike; hero, warrior Social status/Groups/Professions ii 32, l 82, li 8
qātum (ŠU) hand Body/Body parts li 20
qatûm (v.) G to come to an end, finish; Š complete; Št be completed; complete ? l 56
qerbītum womb, centre, interior Body/Body parts li 47
qerbum centre, interior Abstract concepts,Locations/Buildings li 59
qerbum centre, interior iv 42, 50, li 59
qiāšum (v.) to give, present iv 1
qibītum speech, command, utterance, word Verbal expressions xlvii 84, xlix 55
qurādum hero, warrior Human activities/actions,Social status/Groups/Professions iii 60
rā'imum who loves l 98
rabāṣum (v.) G to sit, be recumbent, lie in wait, lurk; Gtn regularly sit on, settle; Š caus. of G xlvii 37
rabûm (GAL) I big Qualities/Attributes ii 64, iii 45, iv 66, xlvii 40, 85, xlix 45, xlix 82, xlix 98, l 14, l 48, l 82, l 102, li 30, 70
rabûm (GAL) II (v.) G to become large, great, grow; Gtn to grow constantly; Š make great i 15
raggum wicked, villainous Human activities/actions i 35, xlviii 91
râmum (v.) G to love; Štn to cause to constantly have love xlvii 94
rašûm (v.) G to acquire, get; Š caus. of G xlvii 39, 92, xlviii 5, li 18, 46
re'ûm (v.) G to pasture xlix 17
rebītum square, open place; abdomen Locations/Buildings iv 52
rēmum womb, compassion Body/Body parts li 17
rēštûm first, pre-eminent, prime, firstborn i 9, l 83
rēṣum helper, supporter, ally Human activities/actions ii 36, l 67
rēšum (SAG) head; beginning; slave Abstract concepts,Body/Body parts ii 43, xlvii 65
rē'ûm (SIPA) shepherd, herdsman Social status/Groups/Professions i 51, iv 45, xlvii 43
rē'ûtum pasturing, shepherdship, rule Social status/Groups/Professions xlvii 13
rīdum "driving, droving" of animal; "succession" of prince; pursuit, persecution xlvii 7, xlviii 80
rīmum (AM) wild bull Fauna (wild) iii 7
rīqum I empty, unemployed xlviii 104
rubûm (NUN) prince, ruler, nobleman Social status/Groups/Professions i 29, iii 55, iv 32, xlix 98
rū'um, rūḫum friend, companion Human activities/actions,Social status/Groups/Professions ii 69
ša who(m), which, of i 10, 22, 62, ii 10, 14, 31, 51, 65, 69, iii 20, 27, 32, 52, 56, iv 46, 60, 68, 70, v 2, xlvii 3, 12, 23, 27, 29,44,64,68,79,86,94, xlviii 4,21,62,66,69,71,79,81,83,97, xlix 4,20,44,55,99, l 15,28,32,43,45,49,60,84,li 32,42,58,71,88
šā'imum who determines i 6, iii 38
ṣabātum (v.) (DAB5) G to seize, take, hold xlvii 8
ṣābum (ÉRIN, ÉRIN.ḪÁ) people, troops li 79
saḫmaštum rebellion, uprising Human activities/actions li 6
šakānum (v.) (GAR) to put, place, lay down v 23, xlix 97, l 30, li 7;
sakāpum (v.) I to push down, off, away l 19
šākinum who places ii 39, iv 36
šaknum placed, deposited etc.; governor, appointee l 18
šalamtum corpse Body/Body parts li 13
ṣalmāt qaqqadim (SAG.GI6) black-headed ones, mankind i 41, xlvii 11, xlviii 86
ṣalmum (GI6) I black, dark xlviii 86
ṣalmum II (ALAN) figure, image, statue Body/Body parts,Fabricated objects xlvii 76, xlviii 6, li 38
Šamaš, šamšum (dUtu) DN, sun Deities/Divine sphere i 40, ii 23, ii 35, v 4, xlvii 84, xlviii 97, xlix 14, l 14, l 32
šamû I (AN) sky, heaven Nature/Cosmological phenomena i 4, i 22, ii 31, xlvii 68, xlvii 86, l 15, l 41, l 65, l 68, li 71
šanānum (v.) to rival, to equal l 61
šāninum rival, of equal birth Social status/Groups/Professions xlvii 82, xlviii 101
šanûm II other, strange, evil Abstract concepts xlix 37
šapāḫum (v.) to sprinkle xlix 63
sapāḫum (v.) G to scatter, disperse; D squander, spend freely, scatter; N pass. of G xlix 74
saparrum, sapārum net Fabricated objects ii 68
sapḫum scattered ii 50
šapliš below xlvii 31, xlviii 30, l 37
šapûm III (v.) G to be silent; D silence enemies xlix 59
šaqûm III (v.) (NAG) G to give to drink, irrigate li 11
šarākum (v.) to present, give xlvii 12, xlviii 98
šarrum (LUGAL; EN) king, lord Social status/Groups/Professions i 2, i 63, ii 22, ii 55, iii 16, iii 65, iii 70, iv 23, iv 60, v 3, v 10, xlvii 4, xlvii 10, xlvii 77, xlvii 79, xlviii 7, xlviii 62, xlviii 96, xlix 13, xlix 40, xlix 96
šarrūtum kingship, reign Kinship terms i 21, ii 13, iv 20, v 2, xlix 48, xlix 58, xlix 75, l 20, l 29, l 45, l 57, l 103
šasûm (v.) G to shout, call (out), read (out); Gtn iter. of G xlviii 11, l 78
šaṭārum (IN.SAR) (v.) to write (down) xlvii 75, xlviii 67, 79, xlix 4, 21, 35
šāṭipum who preserves life, rescues iv 38
šaṭrum written, inscribed xlviii 10, xlix 33
šattum (MU) year Abstract concepts,Time concepts xlix 66, l 53
še'ûm (v.) G to seek, call on xlvii
šebērum (v.) to break xlix 51, l 87, li 4
šēdum protective deity, luck; spirit (representing vital force) Deities/Divine sphere xlviii 48, li 75
sekērum (v.) to be cloistered l 9
šēmûm hearer, that hears ii 23
šemûm (v.) G to listen, to hear; Gtn to hear, to listen again and again xlviii 14
ṣēnum I evil, malevolent i 35, xlviii 92
šērtum I, pl. šērētum penalty, punishment, misdeed, offence l 43, l 48
ṣērum (EDIN) back, upperside, steppe, open country, towards Abstract concepts,Body/Body parts,Locations/Buildings,Nature/Cosmological phenomena li 15
šiāmum (v.) to fix, decree i 13, iv 21, xlvii 27, xlviii 36, xlix 72, l 63
ṣillum (GISSU) protection; shade, shadow Abstract concepts,Nature/Cosmological phenomena xlvii 46
ṣimdum binding, (yoke-)team, bandage Fabricated objects li 61
simmum wound, lesion Diseases/Demons li 57
simtum appropriate symbol, characteristic Abstract concepts iii 24, iii 63
šīmtum (NAM) fate, what is fixed, destiny Abstract concepts,Rituals/Religious practices i 7, xlix 52, xlix 54, xlix 71, xlix 99, l 62
Sîn DN Deities/Divine sphere ii 14, l 41
Sîn(dEN.ZU)-Muballiṭ PN Deities/Divine sphere iv 70
šināti them, those xlix 36
Sippar (UD.KIB.NUNki) GN GN ii 25
šipṭum judgement, verdict xlix 87
šīrum (UZU) flesh, body; entrails; kinsman, blood relative, meat; ominous sign Body/Body parts,Kinship terms i 47, v 24, xlvii 33, xlviii 34, xlviii 93, l 27
ṣīrum exalted, supreme, splendid, outstanding i 1, i 17, li 41
šū he, that iv 1, 9, 29, xlviii 75
šuāti, šâti him, her, it li 19, 77
šubtum, šuptum abode, dwelling, place, seat Abstract concepts,Fabricated objects,Locations/Buildings ii 31, ii 59, iv 15, xlix 62
Sugal (ZA.MÙŠ.UNUGki) GN GN iii 52
šuklulum (v.) Š to complete, make/do completely iii 27
šulmāniš in peace iv 44
šulmum well-being, completeness, health; peace Abstract concepts xlvii 17, xlvii 55
šuluḫḫum (a rite of purification) Rituals/Religious practices ii 1
ṣulūlum (AN.DÙL) roof, protection, shield Fabricated objects ii 48
Šumerum GN, Sumerian GN v 8, xlvii 50
šumma if xlviii 75, xlix 2, 18
Sumulail PN PN iv 68
šumum (MU) name; son; line of text Abstract concepts,Verbal expressions i 17, i 49, i 58, iii 5, xlvii 94, xlix 33, xlix 35, xlix 44, xlix 76, xlix 102, li 45
šupêlum (v.) Š to exchange, to overturn xlix 8, 30, 75
šūqurum precious, very valuable xlvii 74, xlviii 13
šuršudum firmly founded i 25, ii 58, iv 14
šutlumum (v.) Š to grant, bestow generously xlvii 25
šūturum supreme xlvii 80
tabākum (v.) G to pour (out), lay flat; Ntn repeatedly swoop on xlix 93
ṭābum (DU10) good, sweet Qualities/Attributes iv 47, xlvii 46, xlviii 34
tāḫāzum (ME; ME6) battle, combat l 93, li 2
talīmum favorite brother Social status/Groups/Professions ii 56
tamḫārum battle, combat l 86
tanattum, pl. tanadātum fame, pl. praise xlix 1
tānēḫum moaning, distress Emotions/Feelings xlix 64, l 55
tarāṣum (v.) G to stretch out, extend, point, tether, spread xlvii 48
târum (v.) (GUR) G to turn, return, become again; D to bring, send, give, pay back l 80, 89, 106
tašīmtum discernment, sagacity, prudence, wisdom, judgement ii 22, xlviii 76
Telītum DN, “(the) very competent (one)” epith. of goddesses esp. Ištar Deities/Divine sphere iii 49
têrtum instruction iii 51
tēšûm revolt, disorder xlix 59
ṭiābum (v.) G to be(come) good; improve, repair i 48, v 24, xlvii 34, xlviii 33, 94
tībum arousal, attack ii 2
ṭīdum clay, mud Materials li 38
tīlum, tillum (DU6) tell, ruin heap l 79
ṭuḫdum plenty, abundance, overwhelming abundance Abstract concepts i 56
tukultum (NIR.GÁL) trust, support l 19
Tuttul GN GN iv 31
Tutu DN Deities/Divine sphere iii 10
u and, but, also i 5, 23, iv 31
ul not xlvii 15, 16, 83
ūmišam daily xlviii 53
ummānum army, troops Social status/Groups/Professions l 24, li 14, li 17, 81
ummum mother Kinship terms xlix 82, l 43
ūmum I (UD) day, daily Abstract concepts,Nature/Cosmological phenomena,Time concepts ii 10, xlviii 60, xlix 65, l 1, l 52, l 88
Urum GN GN ii 17
Uraš (dIB) DN Deities/Divine sphere iii 22
urḫum way, path Locations/Buildings l 23
uršum II wisdom Abstract concepts,Locations/Buildings iv 10
Uruk GN GN ii 38
ūsum I usage, custom, good practice Abstract concepts v 17, xlvii 6
ušumgallum (GAL.BÚR/UŠUM; ú.šúm.gal) dragon Deities/Divine sphere ii 55
uṣurtum, eṣertum draft, drawing, ordinance iii 31, xlvii 91, xlviii 73, xlix 9, xlix 32
utlum lap Body/Body parts xlvii 49
utukkum (UDUG) evil demon (a kind of) Diseases/Demons l 39
uznum ear, wisdom, understanding Body/Body parts l 2
uzzatum anger, rage l 101
wabālum (v.) G to carry, bring; Š send, deliver, make bear; Št pass. of Š xlvii 56
wābilum who brings ii 20
wālīdum begetter, procreator, father Kinship terms xlviii 22
wapûm (v.) G to be(come) visible, appear; D to make visible; Š to make manifest, appear i 34, iv 62, xlvii 88
warḫum (ITI) moon, month Abstract concepts l 52
warkītum posterity, descendants; future; haunches Abstract concepts xlviii 59-60
warqum, erqum yellow, green Qualities/Attributes ii 27
wârum (v.) G to go (up to); D instruct, govern, commission, appoint, send v 19
warûm (v.) G to lead, conduct; Gtn iter. guide, steer, administer xlix 17, l 6, li 23
wašrum submissive, humble Qualities/Attributes ii 18
wašṭum stiff, difficult, stubborn; tough xlvii 19
waṣûm (v.) G to go out, depart; Š caus. of G i 42, xlvii 21, xlix 1, li 65
watārum (v.) G to become outsize, surplus; D to enlarge, make great, maximize; Š to make increase, to make excessive i 19
yâti me i 31, xlix 12
Zababa DN Deities/Divine sphere ii 57, xlvii 22, l 81
zakārum (v.) to speak, say, name, mention; talk; swear xlviii 2
zāninum provider i 60
Zarpānītum DN Deities/Divine sphere xlviii 43, xlviii 56
zā'erum, zā'irum hostile, enemy iii 9
zērum II (NUMUN) seed(s) Body/Body parts ii 13, v 1, li 48, li 78
zībum offering, sacrifice Rituals/Religious practices iv 22
zikrum, siqrum utterance, name; mention of the name; reputation Verbal expressions ii 5, xlix 76
zinnum rain Nature/Cosmological phenomena l 68
zummûm (v.) D to be deprived of; deprive; Š deprive l 40
zumrum body, person Body/Body parts l 49
Signs in text
3900
Words in text
1475
Sumerograms in text
216
% of Sum. in text
15
Lines in text
800
Average signs per line in text
4.88
SD of signs per line
1.58
Revision History
Wende, Janine
Transliteration, indices
24/01/11
Streck, Michael P.
Transliteration, commentary
29/10/12
Streck, Michael P.
Translation, commentary prologue
31/10/13
Streck, Michael P.
Translation, commentary epilogue, transliteration
05/12/12
Pohl, Antonia
bibliography
04/02/22
Tulaikova, Yulia
Additions to index
18/10/22
18/10/22